Mindfulness meditation practices can be conceptualized as a set of attention-based, regulatory and self-inquiry training regimes cultivated for various ends, including the training of well-being and psychological health. In this presentation, Dr. Lutz will first review a model which conceptualizes mindfulness-related states and traits as a multidimensional phenomenal matrix that can readily be expressed into a neurocognitive framework. This phenomenal and neurocognitive matrix of mindfulness is presented as a heuristic to guide formulation of research hypotheses from both cognitive/behavioral and neuroscientific perspectives. Dr. Lutz will then discuss recent behavioral, physiologic, and neural results related to mindfulness practice and training from our groups and from collaborators. He will focus in particular on the role in these practices of meta-awareness and dereification. In the last part of the presentation, Dr. Lutz will briefly mention ongoing efforts to identify the possible neurocomputational principles underlying these practices.